Outcome Measure
Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale – Parent
What it measures?
- The SCAS-P measures anxiety symptoms in children in the general population through parent report. The measure spans six subscales: panic attack and agoraphobia, separation anxiety, physical injury fears, social phobia, obsessive compulsive, and generalized anxiety (Nauta et al., 2004).
- The SCAS-P assists with the identification of elevated anxiety symptoms requiring further assessment in conjunction with clinical interviews. Additionally, it can be used to measure efficacy of treatment (Nauta et al., 2004).
Who is it for?
The SCAS-P is intended to be completed by the parent of a child aged 7-13 years old.
Instrument Quality
- The SCAS-P is widely used globally to assess anxiety symptoms in children with both clinical and research applications. It has been translated and validated for use across several countries with strong psychometric properties (Arendt et al., 2014; Li et al., 2016; Orgilés et al., 2016; Orgilés et al., 2019; Ramme, 2008)
Structure
- 38 items
- 1 additional open-ended question asking “Is there anything else that your child is really afraid of?”
- 4-point Likert scale
- Respondents indicate how frequently (0 = "Never"; 3 = "Always") their child has experienced anxiety symptoms across different situations
Scoring instructions
- Sum all item responses to derive a full-scale score
- Sum the relevant subscale-specific items to derive subscale scores
| Subscale | Item number |
|---|---|
Obsessive compulsive |
13,17,24,35,36,37 |
Separation anxiety |
5,8,11,14,15,38 |
Generalized anxiety |
1,3,4,18,20,22 |
Full-scale (SCAS-P) |
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38 |
Panic attack and agoraphobia |
12,19,25,27,28,30,32,33,34 |
Physical injury fears |
2,16,21,23,29 |
Social phobia |
6,7,9,10,26,31 |
Score Interpretation
What higher scores mean?
- Higher scores on the SCAS-P indicate increased number and severity of anxiety symptoms.
How to assess symptom severity & change?
| Description | Score Range | |
|---|---|---|
| Below normative mean | 0 | |
| Normative mean | 1.1 | |
| 1 SD above normative mean | 2.8 | |
| 2 SD above normative mean | 4.5 | |
| Maximum | 18 |
| Description | Score Range | |
|---|---|---|
| Below normative mean | 0 | |
| Normative mean | 2.6 | |
| 1 SD above normative mean | 5.4 | |
| 2 SD above normative mean | 8.2 | |
| Maximum | 18 |
Severity ranges
* The developers recommend the use of T-Scores and conversion to percentile ranks based on the age and gender of the child (Nauta et al., 2004). A percentile of 50 represents typical anxiety symptoms in an individual, with scores more than 1 SD (or >94th percentile) indicated clinically significant anxiety symptoms. * Normative scores were derived from a sample of 261 (125 males, 136 females; mean age 11.5 (2.0) years) healthy children recruited from Australian (55%) and Dutch (45%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). * Normative scores by gender and age are also available from a sample of 1857 healthy children recruited from community samples in Australia and the Netherlands (n = 221), United States (n = 477), and the United Kingdom (n = 1069; Brow-Jacobsen et al, 2011; Cresswell et al., n.d.; Nauta et al., 2004; Whiteside et al, 2012). Please access here: https://www.scaswebsite.com/portfolio/scas-parent-t-scores/
Reliable change and clinically significant improvement
* The developers recommend the use of T-Scores and conversion to percentile ranks based on the age and gender of the child (Nauta et al., 2004). A percentile of 50 represents typical anxiety symptoms in an individual, with scores more than 1 SD (or >94th percentile) indicated clinically significant anxiety symptoms. * Wampold et al (2001) conducted a meta analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies and noted that the average improvement was reflected in an effect size (ES) of .80. Because a change of 1 SD corresponds to an ES of 1.0, and .80 is considered to be a large ES, Wise (2004) concludes that a change of 1 SD is a defensible indicator of clinically significant change.
Mean
| Sample | Mean | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical | 6.9 | Clinical scores were derived from a sample of 484 (264 males, 220 females; mean age 10.2 (2.5) years) anxiety-disorder children recruited from Australian (83%) and Dutch (17%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). |
| Normative | 2.6 | * Normative scores were derived from a sample of 261 (125 males, 136 females; mean age 11.5 (2.0) years) healthy children recruited from Australian (55%) and Dutch (45%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). * Normative scores by gender and age are also available from a sample of 1857 healthy children recruited from community samples in Australia and the Netherlands (n = 221), United States (n = 477), and the United Kingdom (n = 1069; Brow-Jacobsen et al, 2011; Cresswell et al., n.d.; Nauta et al., 2004; Whiteside et al, 2012). Please access here: https://www.scaswebsite.com/portfolio/scas-parent-t-scores/ |
Standard Deviation
| Sample | Mean | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical | 4.1 | Clinical scores were derived from a sample of 484 (264 males, 220 females; mean age 10.2 (2.5) years) anxiety-disorder children recruited from Australian (83%) and Dutch (17%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). |
| Normative | 2.8 | * Normative scores were derived from a sample of 261 (125 males, 136 females; mean age 11.5 (2.0) years) healthy children recruited from Australian (55%) and Dutch (45%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). * Normative scores by gender and age are also available from a sample of 1857 healthy children recruited from community samples in Australia and the Netherlands (n = 221), United States (n = 477), and the United Kingdom (n = 1069; Brow-Jacobsen et al, 2011; Cresswell et al., n.d.; Nauta et al., 2004; Whiteside et al, 2012). Please access here: https://www.scaswebsite.com/portfolio/scas-parent-t-scores/ |
Reliability
| Value | Comments |
|---|---|
| 0.87 | Test-retest reliability (Pearson correlation coefficients) over 2 weeks was high in a Danish community and clinical sample of children (n = 1240; Arendt et al., 2014). |
| Description | Score Range | |
|---|---|---|
| Below normative mean | 0 | |
| Normative mean | 2.7 | |
| 1 SD above normative mean | 4.7 | |
| 2 SD above normative mean | 6.7 | |
| Maximum | 18 |
Severity ranges
* The developers recommend the use of T-Scores and conversion to percentile ranks based on the age and gender of the child (Nauta et al., 2004). A percentile of 50 represents typical anxiety symptoms in an individual, with scores more than 1 SD (or >94th percentile) indicated clinically significant anxiety symptoms. * Normative scores were derived from a sample of 261 (125 males, 136 females; mean age 11.5 (2.0) years) healthy children recruited from Australian (55%) and Dutch (45%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). * Normative scores by gender and age are also available from a sample of 1857 healthy children recruited from community samples in Australia and the Netherlands (n = 221), United States (n = 477), and the United Kingdom (n = 1069; Brow-Jacobsen et al, 2011; Cresswell et al., n.d.; Nauta et al., 2004; Whiteside et al, 2012). Please access here: https://www.scaswebsite.com/portfolio/scas-parent-t-scores/
Reliable change and clinically significant improvement
* The developers recommend the use of T-Scores and conversion to percentile ranks based on the age and gender of the child (Nauta et al., 2004). A percentile of 50 represents typical anxiety symptoms in an individual, with scores more than 1 SD (or >94th percentile) indicated clinically significant anxiety symptoms. * Wampold et al (2001) conducted a meta analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies and noted that the average improvement was reflected in an effect size (ES) of .80. Because a change of 1 SD corresponds to an ES of 1.0, and .80 is considered to be a large ES, Wise (2004) concludes that a change of 1 SD is a defensible indicator of clinically significant change.
Mean
| Sample | Mean | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical | 6.6 | Clinical scores were derived from a sample of 484 (264 males, 220 females; mean age 10.2 (2.5) years) anxiety-disorder children recruited from Australian (83%) and Dutch (17%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). |
| Normative | 2.7 | * Normative scores were derived from a sample of 261 (125 males, 136 females; mean age 11.5 (2.0) years) healthy children recruited from Australian (55%) and Dutch (45%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). * Normative scores by gender and age are also available from a sample of 1857 healthy children recruited from community samples in Australia and the Netherlands (n = 221), United States (n = 477), and the United Kingdom (n = 1069; Brow-Jacobsen et al, 2011; Cresswell et al., n.d.; Nauta et al., 2004; Whiteside et al, 2012). Please access here: https://www.scaswebsite.com/portfolio/scas-parent-t-scores/ |
Standard Deviation
| Sample | Mean | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical | 3.1 | Clinical scores were derived from a sample of 484 (264 males, 220 females; mean age 10.2 (2.5) years) anxiety-disorder children recruited from Australian (83%) and Dutch (17%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). |
| Normative | 2 | * Normative scores were derived from a sample of 261 (125 males, 136 females; mean age 11.5 (2.0) years) healthy children recruited from Australian (55%) and Dutch (45%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). * Normative scores by gender and age are also available from a sample of 1857 healthy children recruited from community samples in Australia and the Netherlands (n = 221), United States (n = 477), and the United Kingdom (n = 1069; Brow-Jacobsen et al, 2011; Cresswell et al., n.d.; Nauta et al., 2004; Whiteside et al, 2012). Please access here: https://www.scaswebsite.com/portfolio/scas-parent-t-scores/ |
Reliability
| Value | Comments |
|---|---|
| 0.83 | Test-retest reliability (Pearson correlation coefficients) over 2 weeks was high in a Danish community and clinical sample of children (n = 1240; Arendt et al., 2014). |
| Description | Score Range | |
|---|---|---|
| Below normative mean | 0 | |
| Normative mean | 14.2 | |
| 1 SD above normative mean | 23.9 | |
| 2 SD above normative mean | 33.6 | |
| Maximum | 114 |
Severity ranges
* The developers recommend the use of T-Scores and conversion to percentile ranks based on the age and gender of the child (Nauta et al., 2004). A percentile of 50 represents typical anxiety symptoms in an individual, with scores more than 1 SD (or >94th percentile) indicated clinically significant anxiety symptoms. * Normative scores were derived from a sample of 261 (125 males, 136 females; mean age 11.5 (2.0) years) healthy children recruited from Australian (55%) and Dutch (45%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). * Normative scores by gender and age are also available from a sample of 1857 healthy children recruited from community samples in Australia and the Netherlands (n = 221), United States (n = 477), and the United Kingdom (n = 1069; Brow-Jacobsen et al, 2011; Cresswell et al., n.d.; Nauta et al., 2004; Whiteside et al, 2012). Please access here: https://www.scaswebsite.com/portfolio/scas-parent-t-scores/
Reliable change and clinically significant improvement
* The developers recommend the use of T-Scores and conversion to percentile ranks based on the age and gender of the child (Nauta et al., 2004). A percentile of 50 represents typical anxiety symptoms in an individual, with scores more than 1 SD (or >94th percentile) indicated clinically significant anxiety symptoms. * Wampold et al (2001) conducted a meta analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies and noted that the average improvement was reflected in an effect size (ES) of .80. Because a change of 1 SD corresponds to an ES of 1.0, and .80 is considered to be a large ES, Wise (2004) concludes that a change of 1 SD is a defensible indicator of clinically significant change.
Mean
| Sample | Mean | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical | 31.8 | Clinical scores were derived from a sample of 484 (264 males, 220 females; mean age 10.2 (2.5) years) anxiety-disorder children recruited from Australian (83%) and Dutch (17%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). |
| Normative | 14.2 | * Normative scores were derived from a sample of 261 (125 males, 136 females; mean age 11.5 (2.0) years) healthy children recruited from Australian (55%) and Dutch (45%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). * Normative scores by gender and age are also available from a sample of 1857 healthy children recruited from community samples in Australia and the Netherlands (n = 221), United States (n = 477), and the United Kingdom (n = 1069; Brow-Jacobsen et al, 2011; Cresswell et al., n.d.; Nauta et al., 2004; Whiteside et al, 2012). Please access here: https://www.scaswebsite.com/portfolio/scas-parent-t-scores/ |
Standard Deviation
| Sample | Mean | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical | 14.1 | Clinical scores were derived from a sample of 484 (264 males, 220 females; mean age 10.2 (2.5) years) anxiety-disorder children recruited from Australian (83%) and Dutch (17%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). |
| Normative | 9.7 | * Normative scores were derived from a sample of 261 (125 males, 136 females; mean age 11.5 (2.0) years) healthy children recruited from Australian (55%) and Dutch (45%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). * Normative scores by gender and age are also available from a sample of 1857 healthy children recruited from community samples in Australia and the Netherlands (n = 221), United States (n = 477), and the United Kingdom (n = 1069; Brow-Jacobsen et al, 2011; Cresswell et al., n.d.; Nauta et al., 2004; Whiteside et al, 2012). Please access here: https://www.scaswebsite.com/portfolio/scas-parent-t-scores/ |
Reliability
| Value | Comments |
|---|---|
| 0.88 | Test-retest reliability (Pearson correlation coefficients) over 2 weeks was high in a Danish community and clinical sample of children (n = 1240; Arendt et al., 2014). |
| Description | Score Range | |
|---|---|---|
| Below normative mean | 0 | |
| Normative mean | 1 | |
| 1 SD above normative mean | 2.6 | |
| 2 SD above normative mean | 4.2 | |
| Maximum | 27 |
Severity ranges
* The developers recommend the use of T-Scores and conversion to percentile ranks based on the age and gender of the child (Nauta et al., 2004). A percentile of 50 represents typical anxiety symptoms in an individual, with scores more than 1 SD (or >94th percentile) indicated clinically significant anxiety symptoms. * Normative scores were derived from a sample of 261 (125 males, 136 females; mean age 11.5 (2.0) years) healthy children recruited from Australian (55%) and Dutch (45%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). * Normative scores by gender and age are also available from a sample of 1857 healthy children recruited from community samples in Australia and the Netherlands (n = 221), United States (n = 477), and the United Kingdom (n = 1069; Brow-Jacobsen et al, 2011; Cresswell et al., n.d.; Nauta et al., 2004; Whiteside et al, 2012). Please access here: https://www.scaswebsite.com/portfolio/scas-parent-t-scores/
Reliable change and clinically significant improvement
* The developers recommend the use of T-Scores and conversion to percentile ranks based on the age and gender of the child (Nauta et al., 2004). A percentile of 50 represents typical anxiety symptoms in an individual, with scores more than 1 SD (or >94th percentile) indicated clinically significant anxiety symptoms. * Wampold et al (2001) conducted a meta analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies and noted that the average improvement was reflected in an effect size (ES) of .80. Because a change of 1 SD corresponds to an ES of 1.0, and .80 is considered to be a large ES, Wise (2004) concludes that a change of 1 SD is a defensible indicator of clinically significant change.
Mean
| Sample | Mean | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical | 3.6 | Clinical scores were derived from a sample of 484 (264 males, 220 females; mean age 10.2 (2.5) years) anxiety-disorder children recruited from Australian (83%) and Dutch (17%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). |
| Normative | 1 | * Normative scores were derived from a sample of 261 (125 males, 136 females; mean age 11.5 (2.0) years) healthy children recruited from Australian (55%) and Dutch (45%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). * Normative scores by gender and age are also available from a sample of 1857 healthy children recruited from community samples in Australia and the Netherlands (n = 221), United States (n = 477), and the United Kingdom (n = 1069; Brow-Jacobsen et al, 2011; Cresswell et al., n.d.; Nauta et al., 2004; Whiteside et al, 2012). Please access here: https://www.scaswebsite.com/portfolio/scas-parent-t-scores/ |
Standard Deviation
| Sample | Mean | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical | 3.9 | Clinical scores were derived from a sample of 484 (264 males, 220 females; mean age 10.2 (2.5) years) anxiety-disorder children recruited from Australian (83%) and Dutch (17%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). |
| Normative | 1.6 | * Normative scores were derived from a sample of 261 (125 males, 136 females; mean age 11.5 (2.0) years) healthy children recruited from Australian (55%) and Dutch (45%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). * Normative scores by gender and age are also available from a sample of 1857 healthy children recruited from community samples in Australia and the Netherlands (n = 221), United States (n = 477), and the United Kingdom (n = 1069; Brow-Jacobsen et al, 2011; Cresswell et al., n.d.; Nauta et al., 2004; Whiteside et al, 2012). Please access here: https://www.scaswebsite.com/portfolio/scas-parent-t-scores/ |
Reliability
| Value | Comments |
|---|---|
| 0.74 | Test-retest reliability (Pearson correlation coefficients) over 2 weeks was high in a Danish community and clinical sample of children (n = 1240; Arendt et al., 2014). |
| Description | Score Range | |
|---|---|---|
| Below normative mean | 0 | |
| Normative mean | 2.6 | |
| 1 SD above normative mean | 4.9 | |
| 2 SD above normative mean | 7.2 | |
| Maximum | 15 |
Severity ranges
* The developers recommend the use of T-Scores and conversion to percentile ranks based on the age and gender of the child (Nauta et al., 2004). A percentile of 50 represents typical anxiety symptoms in an individual, with scores more than 1 SD (or >94th percentile) indicated clinically significant anxiety symptoms. * Normative scores were derived from a sample of 261 (125 males, 136 females; mean age 11.5 (2.0) years) healthy children recruited from Australian (55%) and Dutch (45%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). * Normative scores by gender and age are also available from a sample of 1857 healthy children recruited from community samples in Australia and the Netherlands (n = 221), United States (n = 477), and the United Kingdom (n = 1069; Brow-Jacobsen et al, 2011; Cresswell et al., n.d.; Nauta et al., 2004; Whiteside et al, 2012). Please access here: https://www.scaswebsite.com/portfolio/scas-parent-t-scores/
Reliable change and clinically significant improvement
* The developers recommend the use of T-Scores and conversion to percentile ranks based on the age and gender of the child (Nauta et al., 2004). A percentile of 50 represents typical anxiety symptoms in an individual, with scores more than 1 SD (or >94th percentile) indicated clinically significant anxiety symptoms. * Wampold et al (2001) conducted a meta analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies and noted that the average improvement was reflected in an effect size (ES) of .80. Because a change of 1 SD corresponds to an ES of 1.0, and .80 is considered to be a large ES, Wise (2004) concludes that a change of 1 SD is a defensible indicator of clinically significant change.
Mean
| Sample | Mean | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical | 4.1 | Clinical scores were derived from a sample of 484 (264 males, 220 females; mean age 10.2 (2.5) years) anxiety-disorder children recruited from Australian (83%) and Dutch (17%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). |
| Normative | 2.6 | * Normative scores were derived from a sample of 261 (125 males, 136 females; mean age 11.5 (2.0) years) healthy children recruited from Australian (55%) and Dutch (45%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). * Normative scores by gender and age are also available from a sample of 1857 healthy children recruited from community samples in Australia and the Netherlands (n = 221), United States (n = 477), and the United Kingdom (n = 1069; Brow-Jacobsen et al, 2011; Cresswell et al., n.d.; Nauta et al., 2004; Whiteside et al, 2012). Please access here: https://www.scaswebsite.com/portfolio/scas-parent-t-scores/ |
Standard Deviation
| Sample | Mean | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical | 2.8 | Clinical scores were derived from a sample of 484 (264 males, 220 females; mean age 10.2 (2.5) years) anxiety-disorder children recruited from Australian (83%) and Dutch (17%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). |
| Normative | 2.3 | * Normative scores were derived from a sample of 261 (125 males, 136 females; mean age 11.5 (2.0) years) healthy children recruited from Australian (55%) and Dutch (45%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). * Normative scores by gender and age are also available from a sample of 1857 healthy children recruited from community samples in Australia and the Netherlands (n = 221), United States (n = 477), and the United Kingdom (n = 1069; Brow-Jacobsen et al, 2011; Cresswell et al., n.d.; Nauta et al., 2004; Whiteside et al, 2012). Please access here: https://www.scaswebsite.com/portfolio/scas-parent-t-scores/ |
Reliability
| Value | Comments |
|---|---|
| 0.82 | Test-retest reliability (Pearson correlation coefficients) over 2 weeks was high in a Danish community and clinical sample of children (n = 1240; Arendt et al., 2014). |
| Description | Score Range | |
|---|---|---|
| Below normative mean | 0 | |
| Normative mean | 4.2 | |
| 1 SD above normative mean | 7 | |
| 2 SD above normative mean | 9.8 | |
| Maximum | 18 |
Severity ranges
* The developers recommend the use of T-Scores and conversion to percentile ranks based on the age and gender of the child (Nauta et al., 2004). A percentile of 50 represents typical anxiety symptoms in an individual, with scores more than 1 SD (or >94th percentile) indicated clinically significant anxiety symptoms. * Normative scores were derived from a sample of 261 (125 males, 136 females; mean age 11.5 (2.0) years) healthy children recruited from Australian (55%) and Dutch (45%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). * Normative scores by gender and age are also available from a sample of 1857 healthy children recruited from community samples in Australia and the Netherlands (n = 221), United States (n = 477), and the United Kingdom (n = 1069; Brow-Jacobsen et al, 2011; Cresswell et al., n.d.; Nauta et al., 2004; Whiteside et al, 2012). Please access here: https://www.scaswebsite.com/portfolio/scas-parent-t-scores/
Reliable change and clinically significant improvement
* The developers recommend the use of T-Scores and conversion to percentile ranks based on the age and gender of the child (Nauta et al., 2004). A percentile of 50 represents typical anxiety symptoms in an individual, with scores more than 1 SD (or >94th percentile) indicated clinically significant anxiety symptoms. * Wampold et al (2001) conducted a meta analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies and noted that the average improvement was reflected in an effect size (ES) of .80. Because a change of 1 SD corresponds to an ES of 1.0, and .80 is considered to be a large ES, Wise (2004) concludes that a change of 1 SD is a defensible indicator of clinically significant change.
Mean
| Sample | Mean | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical | 7.7 | Clinical scores were derived from a sample of 484 (264 males, 220 females; mean age 10.2 (2.5) years) anxiety-disorder children recruited from Australian (83%) and Dutch (17%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). |
| Normative | 4.2 | * Normative scores were derived from a sample of 261 (125 males, 136 females; mean age 11.5 (2.0) years) healthy children recruited from Australian (55%) and Dutch (45%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). * Normative scores by gender and age are also available from a sample of 1857 healthy children recruited from community samples in Australia and the Netherlands (n = 221), United States (n = 477), and the United Kingdom (n = 1069; Brow-Jacobsen et al, 2011; Cresswell et al., n.d.; Nauta et al., 2004; Whiteside et al, 2012). Please access here: https://www.scaswebsite.com/portfolio/scas-parent-t-scores/ |
Standard Deviation
| Sample | Mean | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical | 3.8 | Clinical scores were derived from a sample of 484 (264 males, 220 females; mean age 10.2 (2.5) years) anxiety-disorder children recruited from Australian (83%) and Dutch (17%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). |
| Normative | 2.8 | * Normative scores were derived from a sample of 261 (125 males, 136 females; mean age 11.5 (2.0) years) healthy children recruited from Australian (55%) and Dutch (45%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). * Normative scores by gender and age are also available from a sample of 1857 healthy children recruited from community samples in Australia and the Netherlands (n = 221), United States (n = 477), and the United Kingdom (n = 1069; Brow-Jacobsen et al, 2011; Cresswell et al., n.d.; Nauta et al., 2004; Whiteside et al, 2012). Please access here: https://www.scaswebsite.com/portfolio/scas-parent-t-scores/ |
Reliability
| Value | Comments |
|---|---|
| 0.8 | Test-retest reliability (Pearson correlation coefficients) over 2 weeks was high in a Danish community and clinical sample of children (n = 1240; Arendt et al., 2014). |
Instrument developers
- Nauta, M. H., Scholing, A., Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M., Spence, S. H., & Waters, A. (2004). A parent-report measure of children’s anxiety: psychometric properties and comparison with child-report in a clinic and normal sample. Behaviour research and therapy, 42(7), 813-839.
Refrences
* Nauta, M. H., Scholing, A., Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M., Spence, S. H., & Waters, A. (2004). A parent-report measure of children’s anxiety: psychometric properties and comparison with child-report in a clinic and normal sample. Behaviour research and therapy, 42(7), 813-839. * Li, J. B., Delvecchio, E., Di Riso, D., Nie, Y. G., & Lis, A. (2016). The parent-version of the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS-P) in Chinese and Italian community samples: Validation and cross-cultural comparison. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 47, 369-383. * Orgiles, M., Fernández-Martínez, I., Guillen-Riquelme, A., Espada, J. P., & Essau, C. A. (2016). A systematic review of the factor structure and reliability of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale. Journal of Affective Disorders, 190, 333-340. * Orgilés, M., Rodríguez-Menchón, M., Fernández-Martínez, I., Morales, A., & Espada, J. P. (2019). Validation of the parent report version of the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS-P) for Spanish children. Clinical child psychology and psychiatry, 24(4), 776-790. * Ramme, R. (2008). Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale: An overview of psychometric findings. Retrieved January, 29, 2019.
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SCAS-P
Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale – Parent
The SCAS-P measures anxiety symptoms in children in the general population through parent report. T...
PSEQ
Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire
The beliefs held by people experiencing chronic pain that they can carry out certain activities even...
PHQ-9
Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item
Symptoms of Depression over the previous 2 weeks.
RIS
Regensburg Insomnia Scale
Psychological symptoms of insomnia assessing cognitive, emotional and behavioural aspects. The RIS m...
PSWQ
Penn State Worry Questionnaire
The PSWQ assesses pervasive and uncontrollable worry.
TSK-13
Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia 13-Item
Kinesiophobia, defined as “an excessive, irrational, and debilitating fear of physical movement an...
GAD-7
Generalised Anxiety 7-Item
The symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder, as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ...
CIA
Clinical Impairment Assessment Questionnaire
The severity of psychosocial impairment due to eating disorder pathology.
AUDIT
Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test
The AUDIT identifies risky or harmful alcohol consumption, as well as alcohol dependence or abuse. ...
OCI-R
Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory – Revised
Symptom severity of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).The OCI-R contains 6 factors representing th...
AAI
Appearance Anxiety Inventory
Cognitive and behavioural symptoms of body image anxiety and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). In part...
K10
Kessler Psychological Distress Scale
Non-specific psychological distress in the past 2 weeks.
SWLS
The Satisfaction With Life Scale
The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) examines the extent to which a person is satisfied with thei...
DASS-21
Depression Anxiety Stress Scales – 21-Item
Three self-report subscales assess the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress.
CORE-OM
Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation
The CORE-OM aims to capture the ‘core’ of client distress and provide a global index of distres...
BSL-23
Borderline Symptom List
The BSL-23 assesses 23 feelings and experiences that are typically reported by patients with Border...
ASRS
Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale
The ASRS aims to examine Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms in adults consiste...
Severity ranges
* The developers recommend the use of T-Scores and conversion to percentile ranks based on the age and gender of the child (Nauta et al., 2004). A percentile of 50 represents typical anxiety symptoms in an individual, with scores more than 1 SD (or >94th percentile) indicated clinically significant anxiety symptoms. * Normative scores were derived from a sample of 261 (125 males, 136 females; mean age 11.5 (2.0) years) healthy children recruited from Australian (55%) and Dutch (45%) universities (Nauta et al., 2004). * Normative scores by gender and age are also available from a sample of 1857 healthy children recruited from community samples in Australia and the Netherlands (n = 221), United States (n = 477), and the United Kingdom (n = 1069; Brow-Jacobsen et al, 2011; Cresswell et al., n.d.; Nauta et al., 2004; Whiteside et al, 2012). Please access here: https://www.scaswebsite.com/portfolio/scas-parent-t-scores/
Reliable change and clinically significant improvement
* The developers recommend the use of T-Scores and conversion to percentile ranks based on the age and gender of the child (Nauta et al., 2004). A percentile of 50 represents typical anxiety symptoms in an individual, with scores more than 1 SD (or >94th percentile) indicated clinically significant anxiety symptoms. * Wampold et al (2001) conducted a meta analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies and noted that the average improvement was reflected in an effect size (ES) of .80. Because a change of 1 SD corresponds to an ES of 1.0, and .80 is considered to be a large ES, Wise (2004) concludes that a change of 1 SD is a defensible indicator of clinically significant change.
Mean
Standard Deviation
Reliability